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道Nihongo Path
N5Lesson 25 of 435 min

ある and いる: existence

Two verbs for "there is", split by whether the thing is alive.

Japanese uses different verbs for the existence of living and non-living things. The split is by animacy, and it is strictly enforced.

VerbPoliteUsed forExample
あるありますobjects, plants, abstract things本があります: there is a book
いるいますpeople and animals猫がいます: there is a cat
  • 机の上に本があります つくえのうえにほんがありますत्सुकुए नो उए नि होन गा अरिमासुThere is a book on the desk
  • 公園に子供がいます こうえんにこどもがいますकोउएन नि कोदोमो गा इमासुThere are children in the park
  • 時間がありません じかんがありませんजिकान गा अरिमासेनI have no time